Madam Bhikaji Cama, also known as Bhikaiji Cama, was a pioneering figure in India’s struggle for independence, whose remarkable life and contributions continue to inspire generations. Born on September 24, 1861, in Bombay (now Mumbai), she hailed from a prominent Parsi family with a strong tradition of philanthropy and social activism. From an early age, Cama exhibited a keen intellect, a compassionate spirit, and a deep sense of patriotism, qualities that would define her lifelong commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism.
Cama’s journey into the realm of activism began in the late 19th century when she became associated with the Theosophical Society, a spiritual organization that promoted universal brotherhood and the study of ancient wisdom traditions. It was through the Theosophical Society that Cama encountered influential nationalist leaders such as Dadabhai Naoroji, the Grand Old Man of India, and Sardar Singh Rana, who played pivotal roles in shaping her political consciousness.
Inspired by the ideals of self-rule and swaraj espoused by leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal, Cama emerged as a vocal advocate for India’s independence. In 1902, she attended the Congress session in Calcutta (now Kolkata), where she delivered a stirring speech on the need for unity and resistance against British colonial rule.
In 1905, Madam Cama embarked on a journey to London, the nerve center of the British Empire, where she sought to internationalize the Indian freedom struggle and mobilize support from sympathetic allies across the globe. In London, she became actively involved in revolutionary activities, collaborating with fellow nationalists such as Shyamji Krishna Varma and Dadabhai Naoroji to establish platforms for propagating India’s cause.
One of Cama’s most iconic acts of defiance against British colonialism came in 1907 at the International Socialist Congress in Stuttgart, Germany. There, she boldly unfurled the first version of the Indian flag on foreign soil, symbolizing India’s aspirations for freedom and self-determination. The flag, adorned with green, saffron, and red stripes representing faith, courage, and sacrifice, became an emblem of India’s struggle for independence.
Despite facing surveillance, censorship, and harassment from British authorities, Cama remained undeterred in her activism. She traveled extensively, delivering speeches, writing articles, and engaging with international socialist and anti-colonial movements to garner support for India’s liberation.
Cama’s dedication to the cause of Indian nationalism earned her the epithet “Mother of the Indian Revolution.” Her contributions to the freedom struggle extended beyond symbolic gestures; she was instrumental in organizing relief efforts for Indian political prisoners, supporting Indian students studying abroad, and fostering solidarity among expatriate Indian communities.
After India gained independence in 1947, Madam Bhikaji Cama’s legacy was commemorated by the Indian government, which issued postage stamps and named institutions in her honor. Her residence in Mumbai, known as the “Cama Building,” stands as a testament to her enduring influence and legacy.
Madam Bhikaji Cama’s life exemplifies the power of courage, conviction, and resilience in the pursuit of justice and freedom. Her tireless efforts to advance the cause of Indian independence inspire us to continue striving for a world founded on principles of equality, justice, and human dignity.