Guru Angad Dev was the second Guru of Sikhism, succeeding Guru Nanak Dev, the founder of the religion. He played a crucial role in shaping the Sikh faith and its community during his leadership. Guru Angad’s life and contributions span a wide range of areas, including religious, social, and educational reforms. In this essay, we will explore Guru Angad’s life, his contributions to Sikhism, and his lasting impact on the faith.
Early Life and Background:
Guru Angad Dev was born as Bhai Lehna on March 31, 1504, in the village of Matte di Sarai, which is now known as Sarai Naga, in Muktsar district, Punjab, India. His parents, Bhai Pheru Mal and Mata Ramo, were devout Hindus. Bhai Lehna’s early life was marked by piety, devotion, and a strong attachment to the Hindu goddess Durga.
As a young man, Bhai Lehna followed his father’s trade as a small-scale trader, and he later became known for his strong sense of justice and leadership. He married Mata Khivi and had four children—two sons, Dasu and Datu, and two daughters, Amro and Anokhi.
Meeting with Guru Nanak:
Bhai Lehna’s life took a transformative turn when he encountered Guru Nanak Dev in 1532. Bhai Lehna was deeply impressed by Guru Nanak’s teachings, which centered on the worship of one God, equality among all people, and rejection of caste and superstitions. Bhai Lehna became a devoted follower of Guru Nanak and embraced his philosophy wholeheartedly.
Guru Angad Dev’s Guruship:
After the passing of Guru Nanak in 1539, Bhai Lehna succeeded him as the second Guru of Sikhism and took the name Guru Angad Dev. Guru Nanak chose Bhai Lehna as his successor because of his devotion, humility, and understanding of the teachings of Sikhism. This succession marked a smooth transition of leadership and continuity in the nascent Sikh community.
Contributions and Reforms:
Guru Angad Dev’s tenure as Guru was marked by several significant contributions and reforms that strengthened the Sikh community:
- Establishment of Langar:
- Guru Angad continued and expanded the tradition of langar, a community kitchen where people of all backgrounds, castes, and religions could sit together and share a meal. Langar promoted equality and social harmony.
- Introduction of Gurmukhi Script:
- Guru Angad is credited with formalizing and promoting the use of the Gurmukhi script, which became the script for writing the Punjabi language. Gurmukhi played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of Sikh teachings.
- Promotion of Education:
- Guru Angad emphasized the importance of education for both men and women. He established schools where children could learn reading and writing, particularly in the Gurmukhi script.
- Spiritual Teachings and Discourses:
- Guru Angad continued Guru Nanak’s teachings, emphasizing devotion to one God, humility, and service to others. His spiritual discourses inspired the Sikh community and guided them in their faith.
- Strengthening of Sikh Community:
- Guru Angad worked to strengthen the Sikh community by organizing it into a more cohesive and united group. He appointed Masands (representatives) to oversee and guide the community in different regions.
Legacy and Impact:
Guru Angad Dev’s impact on Sikhism was profound and enduring:
- Preservation of Sikh Teachings:
- Guru Angad’s efforts in promoting the Gurmukhi script helped preserve Guru Nanak’s teachings and facilitated their transmission to future generations.
- Strengthening of the Sikh Identity:
- Through his teachings and reforms, Guru Angad strengthened the Sikh identity and laid the foundation for the growth of the faith.
- Promotion of Equality and Social Justice:
- Guru Angad’s emphasis on langar and community service promoted equality and social justice, values that remain central to Sikhism today.
- Inspiration for Future Gurus:
- Guru Angad’s devotion, humility, and leadership set a standard for future Sikh Gurus, who continued to build upon his legacy.
Conclusion:
Guru Angad Dev’s contributions to Sikhism were foundational and transformative. His emphasis on education, the promotion of the Gurmukhi script, and the continuation of langar and community service helped shape the Sikh faith into a strong and cohesive community. Guru Angad’s legacy continues to inspire Sikhs around the world to uphold the values of equality, humility, and service to others.
